| Halgoš J; | The Gidra River Basin – an Example of Unperturbed and Devastated Environments | 3-9 |
 |
|
Abstract:
The detailed research on selected groups of aquatic
communities was carried out in indigenous and anthropogenically
disturbed biotopes in the area of the Gidra river basin in the years
1998-2000. Gidra stream rises in Malé Karpaty Mts. There were 11
localities selected for the study evenly distributed over the whole
stream. 13 physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were
studied in these localities while in 5 localities 11 physiographical
parameters were studied, too. Ciliophora, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera
communities, selected groups of Diptera, aquatic Coleoptera and fish
were monitored. The effect of abiotic and biotic variables was
verified in several groups by means of Canonical Correspondence
analysis (CCA). The results achieved confirm that the upper and
medium section of the Gidra stream represents unique, undisturbed
aquatic communities. In the lower section the negative anthropogenic
impact is evident. The Gidra river basin forms the important gene
pool of rare species and communities of flowing waters not only with
respect to Slovakia but also Europe. Keywords: Gidra, Malé Karpaty Mts., indigenousness of biotopes, anthropogenic effect, macrozoobenthos, microzoobenthos, community |
|||
| Rodriguez A; Derka T; | Physiographical and Hydrobiological Characteristics of the Gidra River Basin | 11-18 |
|
|
Abstract:
The research of the Gidra River basin took place in
1998-99 at 14 localities. The stream preserves its original
character at localities 1-5 due to minimum human impact. At other
localities the impact of settlements, agricultural activity and
regulation should be seen. Qualitative and quantitative samples were
taken as well as samples of transported organic (TOM) and inorganic
(TAM) matter, benthic organic matter (BOM) and periphyton.
Physiographical parameters were evaluated only once in 5 selected
localities. Keywords: Malé Karpaty Mts., Gidra river |
|||
| Valúchová M; Rodriguez A; | Hydrochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of the Gidra River Basin | 19-27 |
|
|
Abstract:
The aim of water quality monitoring in the Gidra
river basin was to obtain basic documents from the results of
chemical and microbiological analyses characterizing environment
forming structures of aquatic communities and subsequent evaluation
of community structures depending on natural and anthropogenic
impacts. Keywords: hydrochemical analysis, microbiological analysis, Malé Karpaty Mts., Gidra river |
|||
| Tirjaková E; | Micro- and Meiozoobenthos with Focus on Infusorians (Ciliophora) of the Gidra River Basin | 29-40 |
|
|
Abstract:
Micro- and meiozoobenthos have been studied with
focus on ciliates of the Gidra River (5 localities) and its
right-sided tributary (Kamenný potok – 6 localities) in the years
1998-99. The studied streams differed namely in the impact of
various anthropogenic effects (eutrophication, regulation and
erosion). Flagellates and ciliates achieved the highest average
abundance among unicellular organisms (up to 300 specimens/ml)
depending on the stream order and anthropogenic effects
(particularly eutrophication). Among multicellular organism there
were Rotifera (80 specimens/ml). There have been 124 Ciliophora taxa
determined (6 of them have been recorded for the 1st time on the
territory of Slovakia). On the basis of abundance, dominance and
species spectrum of ciliates, the localities of Kamenný potok
significantly differed (original character preserved without
pronounced anthropogenic effects) from the localities of Gidra.
There the impact of increased eutrophication manifested itself due
to discharge of insufficiently treated easily degradable waste water
in the stream from several sources of pollution and from
agricultural and forest activity. Increased eutrophication has been
indicated by the change in the community structure, namely by
increase in abundance and in the species spectrum of ciliates. Keywords: microzoobenthos, Ciliophora, stream, eutrofication, Slovakia |
|||
| Derka T; | Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the Gidra River Basin | 41-51 |
|
|
Abstract:
Changes in the mayflies communities of the stream
Gidra (Malé Karpaty Mts.) have been studied at 11 localities
beginning with the spring area towards the mouth in the Dudváh
River. 35 species have been recorded forming 4 types of communities
according to the position of the studied localities in the river
continuum. As it was expected, crenophilic and rhithrophilic species
dominate in the upper reaches flowing through beech forests of Malé
Karpaty Mts. The α-diversity values are increasing from the spring.
In the lower reaches flowing through intensively exploited
agricultural landscape the occurrence of ubiquist and potamal
species increases and α-diversity decreases. The middle section has
been found the most valuable because it shows the highest values of
species richness and the mayfly communities show the highest degree
of ecological integrity. In spite of a considerable human impact
several rare species have been recorded in the lower reaches. It is
the evidence of the fact that such negative factors like
eutrophication are suppressed by preservation of the natural bottom
of the stream and riparian vegetation. The impact of the small dam
in the upper section as well as that of the streambed regulation in
the middle section is discussed in the study. Keywords: Ephemeroptera, mayflies, community, species composition, Malé Karpaty Mts. |
|||
| Krno I; | Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in the Gidra River Basin (Malé Karpaty Mts., Slovakia) | 53-67 |
|
|
Abstract:
In the Gidra river basin there have been recorded 33
species of stoneflies. It is significantly more than in other river
basins of southwest spurs of the West Carpathians. Shredders
predominate in the headwater, in the midstream there are scrapers
prevailing and gatherers predominate in the downstream. Decrease of
scrapers and predators in the downstream is due to pollution and
regulation. Emergence of imagoes indicates certain time segregation
of related taxa in the stream basin supplementing their zonal
segregation. In comparison with emergence of imagoes in the Vydrica
basin (Malé Karpaty Mts.) the summer interruption of emergence does
not occur here. The longitudinal distribution of stoneflies in the
Gidra basin signals the existence of several habitats: a spring area
(crenal), a submontane stream (metarhithral) and a lowland stream (pseudopotamal).
The discontinuous effect of a small water reservoir (temperature,
food) on the longitudinal zonation has been recorded. CCA of
localities, environmental variables and stonefly species shows a
determining influence of conductivity, saturation of water with
oxygen and maximum temperatures on stonefly communities. The
analysis of the eutrophication and saprobity impact on Plecoptera
biodiversity in Malé Karpaty Mts. basins has shown that biodiversity
expressed as an α-diversity/γ-diversity*100 is more responsive to
organic pollution and indirectly also to oxygen regime than to
eutrophication. Keywords: stoneflies, communities, Malé Karpaty Mts., Slovakia, eutrophication, regulation |
|||
| Lukáš J; Krno I; | Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the Gidra River Basin | 69-75 |
|
|
Abstract:
The study of caddisflies was made on 11 localities of
the Gidra river basin from the spring area to the mouth in Dudváh in
the years 1998-1999. In total, 40 species of caddisflies were
recorded. On the basis of longitudinal distribution of caddisflies
in the Gidra river basin three types of habitats can be defined: a
spring area (crenal), a submontane creek (metarhithral) and a
lowland stream (pseudopotamal). The disturbance of continual zoning
of caddisflies by a small water reservoir was recorded. CCA of
localities, environmental variables and caddisflies species
demonstrates the determining influence of maximum temperatures, fine
organic material and phosphorus. Keywords: caddisflies, Trichoptera, communities, faunistics, Malé Karpaty Mts., the Gidra creek, West Slovakia |
|||
| Illéšová D; Halgoš J; | Phenology of Black Flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the Gidra River Basin | 77-83 |
|
|
Abstract:
During the comprehensive hydrobiological study
carried out in the years 1998-1999 in the Gidra stream basin
situated in the area of Malé Karpaty Mts. phenology of 15 blackfly
species found on ten selected localities from the spring area to the
mouth has been studied. The authors found three groups of species
according to the number of generations on the basis of the
occurrence of preimaginal stages during the year. Monovoltine
species are, as follows: Prosimulium
tomosvaryi (Enderlein, 1921) and
Simulium degrangei Dorier et Grenier, 1960. S.
erythrocephalum (De Geer, 1776), S. costatum (Friederichs,
1920), S. cryophilum (Rubtzov, 1959), S. reptans
(Linnaeus, 1758), S. monticola Friedrichs, 1920 and S.
lineatum (Meigen, 1804) have bivoltine cycle. Trivoltine cycle
was found out in S. angustipes Edwards, 1915, S. brevidens
(Rubtzov, 1959), S. vernum (Macquart, 1826), S. noelleri
Friederichs, 1920, S. ornatum Meigen 1818, S. argyreatum,
Meigen, 1838, S. variegatum, Meigen, 1818. Keywords: Blackflies, phenology, Malé Karpaty Mts, Slovakia |
|||
| Bulánková E; | Communities of Diptera (Excl. Chironomidae, Simuliidae) of the Gidra River Basin | 85-94 |
|
|
Abstract:
Thirty taxa of aquatic Diptera (excl. Chironomidae and Simuliidae)
were found in the Gidra river basin in the years 1998-1999. On the
basis of the occurrence of dominant and characteristic taxa 3
categories of biotopes have been specified: 1. Crenal and hypocrenal
with the occurrence of crenophilous (Dixa nubilipennis
Curtis, 1832, Dixa maculata c.f., Oxycera meigenii
Staeger, 1844) and rhithrophilous (Liponeura cinerascens minor
Bischoff, 1922, Liponeura vimmeri Mannheims, 1954,
Pneumia stammeri (Jung, 1956), Pedicia (C.)
straminea (Meigen, 1838)) species 2. metarhithral with high
water content and characteristic taxa Ibisia marginata (Fabricius,
1781), Atherix ibis (Fabricius, 1798), Hemerodromia
spp., 3. potamal with high dominance of eurytop taxon Dicranota
spp. In the year 1999, less favourable from hydrological point
of view, abundance, biomass and mass of an average individual in the
population of species belonging to the Dicranota spp. genus
were rising with rising pollution. One can assume wider availability
of food consisting mainly of Tubificidae and larvae of Chironomidae
increasing their abundance in organically more polluted biotopes. Keywords: Diptera, rhithrophilous, crenophilous species, Dicranota, bioindication |
|||
| Kodada J; | Aquatic Coleoptera of the Gidra River Basin (Insecta: Coleoptera) | 95-98 |
|
|
Abstract:
Twenty-five species of water beetles (Coleoptera)
were recorded from the Gidra river basin. Zonational distribution
along streams, regulation and pollution of stream affect the species
composition and abundance. Most of the recorded rheophilous species
are widely distributed and they prefer similar habitats in the
krenal and ritral zone. Regulation and pollution result in
significant reduction of the number of species in lower sections of
the stream. From the faunistic point of view, the occurrence of
Elmis obscura is important. It inhabits submersed rootlets of
streamside alder (Alnus glutinosa), being found only in a few
unperturbed streams in Slovakia. Keywords: aquatic Coleoptera, Slovakia |
|||
| Kováč V; | What Can the Composition of Fish Fauna Tell Us about the Gidra Creek? | 99-103 |
|
|
Abstract:
From an ichthyological point of view, three different stretches can
be distinguished in The Gidra creek. The upper stretch, otherwise
little perturbed, was found to be strongly affected by stocking of
brown trout. The middle stretch contained 14 species of fish
belonging to 5 families, and represented thus the most diverse
environment for fishes. The lower part appeared to be heavily
affected by human activities. Keywords: fishes, Gidra creek, diversity, human impact |
|||
